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Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
The Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre was a Nazi German war crime〔Leslie Alan Horvitz,Christopher Catherwood, ''Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide'', 2009, ISBN 978-0816080830〕〔Elizabeth Zimmermann, (Former SS officers sentenced for massacre in Marzabotto, Italy ), WSWS, 10 February 2007〕〔Esteri.it (Minister Mogherini’s message for the commemoration of the Marzabotto massacres )〕〔(German and Italian presidents honor Nazi massacre victims )〕 committed in the hill village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema in Tuscany, Italy, in the course of an operation against the Italian resistance movement during the Italian Campaign of World War II. On 12 August 1944, about 560 (130 children) local villagers and refugees were murdered and their bodies burnt in a scorched earth policy action by the German occupation forces of the Waffen-SS. These crimes have been defined as voluntary and organized acts of terrorism by the Military Tribunal of La Spezia and the highest Italian court of appeal.〔(it) La Gazzetta della Spezia, ''(Strage di Sant'Anna, riaperte le indagini. Per il tribunale spezzino fu puro terrorismo )''〕〔Italian Chamber of Deputies, ''(Interrogazione a risposta scritta 4/05851 )''〕〔()〕〔()〕
==Massacre==
On the morning of 12 August 1944, German troops of the 2nd Battalion of SS Panzergrenadier Regiment 35 of 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division ''Reichsführer-SS'', commanded by SS-Hauptsturmführer Anton Galler, entered the mountain village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema. The soldiers immediately proceeded to round up villagers and refugees, locking up hundreds of them in several barns and stables before beginning systematically executing them. The killings were done mostly by shooting groups of people with machine guns or by herding them into basements and other enclosed spaces and tossing in hand grenades. At the 16th-century local church, the priest Fiore Menguzzo (awarded the medal ''valor civile'' posthumously in 1999) was shot at point-blank range, and machine guns were then turned on some 100 people gathered there. In all, the victims included at least 107 children (the youngest of whom, Anna Pardini, was only 20 days old), as well as eight pregnant women (one of whom, Evelina Berretti, had her stomach cut with a bayonet and her baby pulled out and killed separately). After the people were killed through the village, their corpses were set on fire (at the church, the soldiers used its pews for a bonfire to dispose of the bodies). The livestock were also exterminated and the whole village was burnt down. All this took three hours. The SS men then sat down outside the burning Sant'Anna and ate lunch.〔(SS Massacre: A conspiracy of silence is broken ), ''The Guardian'', 2 July 2004〕〔(Tiny Town Lost in Tides of History ), ''The New York Times'', April 18, 2004〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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